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CORRECTION: the list of differences between the eastern and western churches given at [2:42] is incorrect. The list given is actually a list of things the two groups DO agree on. Theological differences would actually include the following: 1. Papal supremacy
2. Papal infallibility
3. The filioque
4. Absolute divine simplicity
5. Created grace
6. The immaculate conception
7. Purgatory
This episode covers some of the major events of Christian history between about 600 AD until 1500 AD. Dave talks about the Middle Ages (aka Medieval times), a large division among early Christians that still exists today, and the widely controversial Crusades.
Transcript of this episode and possibly additional notes on our website: https://bit.ly/2yB2zUH
Encyclopedia Britannica entry on the Great Schism: http://bit.ly/2TCllRX / http://bit.ly/2TkBOLI
More on the Papal States: http://bit.ly/2TnNBcg / http://bit.ly/2VLwBye
Pippin III “The Short”: http://bit.ly/32NYozi
The Donation of Pippin (Papal States): http://bit.ly/2ImRoQz
Third Council of Constantinople: http://bit.ly/32U43nz
The First Crusade: http://bit.ly/2wuIdeg
The Second Crusade: http://bit.ly/2IwG98x
The Third Crusade: http://bit.ly/2TGZXLl
The Fourth Crusade: http://bit.ly/39r4o3N
The Albigensian Crusade/Massacre at Beziers: http://bit.ly/3awDEPs / http://bit.ly/2x8S3mh
Sources for “20,000” quote located in NOTES.
More on Avignon Papacy (see NOTES): http://bit.ly/2VOmFUI
Did the Pope really promise forgiveness of sin to Crusaders?: http://bit.ly/2IlA9Pw / http://bit.ly/2VNd7ch / http://bit.ly/38npeiZ / http://bit.ly/2TKKsSy
Video mapping the expansion of world religions: http://bit.ly/2vlhIHZ
NOTES:
-The time period between 537 until 752 is known as the Byzantine Papacy, meaning that while the Bishop of Rome was (for all intents and purposes) the head of the Church, new popes had to be approved by the Emperor. So, yes, the Bishop of Rome was in charge, but at the same time, not fully.
-Something significant happened in the 14th century that I wasn’t able to cover in the video: In 1305, the Pope moved his headquarters to Avignon, France. The move was precipitated by conflict between the Holy Roman Emperor in France and the Pope in Rome. Seven Popes reigned in Avignon under the Emperor’s influence. Headquarters moved back to Rome in 1376 under Pope Gregory XI.
-It is debated whether the legate to the Pope (Arnaud Amalric) actually said, “Kill them all and let God sort them out” (also translated as “Kill them all, God will sort his own,” or, “Kill them all for the Lord knoweth them that are His”), but the phrase certainly “accurately reported the mood of the crusading army” (The Albingensian Crusades, by Joseph Reese Strayer, p. 62). Another author wrote,
“There’s historic conjecture as to whether or not Arnaud spoke these words, but given that both he and Caesarius Heisterbach who documented this crusade were from Bernard of Clairvaux’s Cistercian order, these words came from the actual documents at the monastery where he worked. Caesarius, a monk, was repeating them years later. Defenders of Arnaud would have a case if not for Arnaud’s damning letters to the pope. This genocide was conducted in the open for the world to observe” (Chrysalis II: Carpathian Liberty, by Jozef Borovsky).
-That previous note mentioned “damning letters to the pope.” Here’s an excerpt from one of those letters the author is referencing, written by the pope’s representative to the pope himself: “Our men spared no one, irrespective of rank, sex or age, and put to the sword almost 20,000 people.” Based on my research, historians tend to agree that the 20,000 death toll attributed to the sack of Beziers is probably an exaggerated number, and they probably didn’t kill literally everyone. But whether 20,000 victims or 2,000, it’s still terrible.
-The “Holy Inquisition” largely took place during these Middle Ages and is a fairly hotly debated issue. Some historians believe many of the rumors about the horrors of the Inquisition are highly exaggerated propaganda. I’m of the opinion that it probably wasn’t as bad as the rumors would have us believe (especially in the context of the Middle Ages), though still a horribly ugly scar in the history of Christianity. This BBC documentary speaks of the rumors of the Inquisition as largely untrue tools of propaganda: http://bit.ly/2vapSmp Feel free to come to your own conclusions.
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